Economics

Economics is the social science that studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies allocate limited resources to satisfy their needs and wants. It examines the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as the behaviors and interactions of economic agents. Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics, which focuses on individual and small-scale economic units, such as households and firms, and macroeconomics, which looks at aggregate economic phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and national income. Key concepts in economics include supply and demand, market equilibrium, opportunity cost, and the role of incentives. The discipline aims to understand how economies function and to provide insights for economic policy and decision-making.